公司動態
2022年4月11日
新加坡潔淨環境峰會2022專訪董事會主席王天義：通往無廢城市的綠色足跡
——如何打造可持續發展的未來
近日，光大環境董事會主席王天義應新加坡潔淨環境峰會2022（CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2022）邀請接受專訪，針對有關無廢城市的一系列問題，分享了富有洞見的觀點和看法。
專訪刊登于新加坡潔淨峰會2022官方活動網站。現附上英文專訪全文（及對應中文譯文），供分享交流。
由新加坡國家環境局舉辦的新加坡潔淨環境峰會2022（CESG 2022）將於2022年4月17-21日在新加坡舉辦，致力於為全球意見領袖、高級政府官員、監管機構代表、政策制定者及行業領袖提供一個國際化交流平臺。
本屆峰會以“打造可持續、適應氣候條件的城市”（Towards Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Cities）為主題，旨在針對促進迴圈經濟框架、採納氣候適應性政策、維護公共衛生標準等緊迫議題開展探討交流。相關討論將圍繞推行廢物資源化利用、提升衛生標準、促進蟲害有效管理、推動可持續能源發展以及進行污染防治五個關鍵領域邀請與會嘉賓參與深入討論。
以下為英文專訪問答全文
Q: Could you define a zero-waste city?
問：請您定義一下什麼是“無廢城市”？
A: Although there is no global uniform definition of “zero-waste city”, the one adopted by the Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) is widely recognized - “Zero Waste: the conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of products, packaging and materials without burning and with no discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health”. This can simply translate into “three zeros”, namely: zero abandon, zero landfill and zero incineration, which is an ideal status of zero-waste cities.
答：“無廢城市”概念在國際上並無統一定義。一個廣受認可的定義來自“無廢國際聯盟”（ZWIA），即“通過負責任的生產、消費和回收，使所有廢棄物重獲利用，且這一過程不涉及焚燒處理，也不存在向土壤、水或空氣進行有損環境或人類健康的排放”。“無廢”可以簡單概括為三個零：零丟棄、零填埋、零焚燒。這是“無廢城市”的理想狀態。
Achieving that will certainly be a long and challenging journey. Considering the current situation and global practices, in my opinion, as long as a city fully reuses and recycles waste and transforms that waste into energy or resources without any impact to environment, it could be considered to have achieved the “zero-waste” target; especially if the cities’ incineration rate is lower than 10%.
達至這一狀態將經歷一個漫長趨近的過程。基於當前現實與實踐，我們認為，如果能夠實現廢棄物的迴圈利用，將其轉化為能源和資源，同時不影響環境和人類健康，這就是達成“零廢”目標，特別是當焚燒占比低於10%的情況下。
Developing zero-waste cities is a tough challenge in the on-going global urbanization process. It is also a development goal promoted by China Everbright Environment Group Limited (“Everbright Environment”).
打造“無廢城市”是全球在城市化進程中面臨的艱巨挑戰，它也是光大環境致力推進的發展目標。
Q: How does a zero-waste city deal with food, water, and plastic waste?
問：一座無廢城市如何處理餐廚垃圾、污水和塑膠廢棄物？
A: A zero-waste city could apply the five Rs to manage food, water, and plastic waste.
答：在一座無廢城市，餐廚及廚余、水和塑膠廢棄物可以遵從五個“R”標準進行管理。
1) Refuse – Refuse to order or use excess food, water, and plastic goods, embracing mindful consumption.
1) 拒絕（Refuse）：拒絕非必需的食物、水和塑膠用品，應在消費這類資源用品時多加留心；
2) Reduce – Reduce generation of those waste at the source as much as possible, if the consumption is absolutely needed, such as through renewable packaging or sustainable alternatives.
2) 減量（Reduce）：對於必需的食物、水和塑膠用品，最大程度從源頭上減少此類垃圾的產生，例如使用可再生包裝或具有可持續性用品作為替代；
3) Reuse – Develop a circular reuse process that fully collects waste to achieve its repeated use (i.e. reuse) directly or indirectly, such as glass containers reused by drink shops, or reusing worn-out clothing as rags.
3) 回用（Reuse）：建立迴圈回用體系，全量收集此類垃圾，並通過直接或間接方式實現重複使用（回用），例如回收利用飲品店的玻璃容器或是重新利用破舊衣物的布料做他用；
4) Recycle – Recycle waste through simple treatment, for example, reusing household wastewater for irrigation after simple filtration, and reusing plastic bottles after cleaning and sterilization.
4) 迴圈利用（Recycle）：通過簡單處理對此類垃圾進行迴圈利用，例如部分家庭產生的污水經簡單處理後用於灌溉，塑膠瓶通過清潔消毒後重新使用等；
5) Recover - Extract materials and energy from waste by a relatively more complex treatment process, for example, transforming plastic waste into new raw materials through physical and chemical treatment, and turning food waste into fertilizer with bio composting methods.
5) 恢復利用（Recover）：通過較複雜的處理工藝從此類垃圾中提取相關物質和能量，例如廢舊塑膠經過物理和化學處理成為新的生產原材料，餐廚垃圾通過生物堆肥製成肥料等。
Q: Industrial waste can include many by-products that we commonly consider unrecyclable or need a lot of processing and handling, like batteries, hazardous chemicals, gases, and sludge. What are some solutions that we can implement to handle these types of waste?
問：我們一般認為，工業廢棄物一般包括不可回收或需要大量加工和處理的副產品，比如電池、危險化學品、氣體和污泥。我們可以採取哪些方法處理這些廢棄物呢？
A: The industrial revolution has brought huge convenience to humans, but it has also generated more and more types of industrial waste. Such waste should be controlled and managed at both the front- and back-end.
答：工業革命給人類生活帶來巨大便利，也帶來越來越多各類工業廢棄物。工業廢棄物處理可以從“前端”和“末端”兩方面入手。
At the front-end, in designing and manufacturing industrial products, we could use raw materials and production techniques that are less dependent on dwindling resources and less harmful to the environment and human health, such as replacing coal-fired power with clean energy to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions during production, or applying innovative technologies and processes to reduce energy consumption during the manufacturing process.
在前端，我們可以在工業產品的設計和生產過程中，選擇降低對不可再生資源的依賴性、對環境健康傷害性更小的原料和工藝，例如以清潔能源替代煤電，減少生產過程中的污染和溫室氣體排放、通過技術工藝創新降低生產能耗。
At the backend, we need to have clear understanding of the types and characteristics of industrial waste and then tailor a treatment system with appropriate methods for them. For instance, solid industrial waste needs to be sorted and segregated before it can undergo further treatment, but for gaseous waste, small particles need to be removed through physical methods and gaseous pollutants such as dioxins and other gases need to be removed through combustion, through adsorption into solids and various other methods. Each waste must be treated differently to be disposed safely.
針對末端，我們需要對工業廢棄物的種類特點有清晰認識，有針對性地制定工業廢棄物的處理體系和方法，例如對工業固廢先進行分類和物理分揀，再做進一步處理；對工業廢氣先以物理方式去除小顆粒，再以燃燒、固體吸附等手段去除如二噁英等氣態污染物。
Q: What are some of the integrated innovations that can help realize zero-waste cities?
問：目前有哪些綜合創新方法可以幫助我們實現打造無廢城市的目標呢？
A: Many countries and cities are exploring methods to develop zero-waste cities based on their own unique conditions. I would like to take this opportunity to share an innovative model of Everbright Environment in domestic waste management.
答：全球許多國家和城市都在根據自身情況特點摸索實現“無廢城市”目標的方法和路徑。我希望借此機會分享一下光大環境在生活垃圾管理方面的創新方法。
Everbright Environment developed a “Five Points in One Line” model for waste treatment, which includes waste sorting directly at the source, then waste collection and transferal, waste sorting and segregation, waste recycling, and treating the unrecyclable waste which is left over. By doing so, our goal is to establish a closed-loop cyclic pathway for municipal waste, so that waste in a city can be firstly reduced at the source, reused as resources, and finally treated in a harmless way to the largest extent possible, thereby helping the city to become a zero-waste city.
光大環境近年來打造了垃圾分類“五點一線”路線，包含從源頭進行垃圾分類，涵蓋垃圾收轉運、分揀和迴圈利用，以及對無法實現回收再利用的垃圾進行末端處置。我們希望通過該路線，打造一個閉環的城市垃圾迴圈利用路徑，令一座城市最大程度實現垃圾的減量化、資源化和無害化，逐步邁向“無廢城市”的目標。
Q: In your opinion, which cities in the world are close to or have achieved the zero-waste ambition? What are the lessons we can learn from them?
問：您認為全球哪些城市最接近或者已經達成了無廢目標？我們可以從他們那裡吸取什麼經驗？
A: Some cities are moving close to “zero-waste cities”. Their experience is valuable to us, as it helps us to enhance government policies around waste management and waste management systems and teaches us how to use market-oriented methods to boost recycling rate. Their inspiring stories also help to strengthen public awareness and engagement in waste management.
答：全球有一些城市的垃圾管理水平正逐步接近“無廢城市”水準，在強化政府廢棄物管理制度體系、利用市場手段提高資源回收效率、提高公眾參與廢棄物管理意識等方面的相關經驗均值得我們學習借鑒。
1) Vancouver, Canada: Since the launch of its first waste management plan in 1995, the city has effectively reduced waste generation through waste sorting and Extended Producer Responsibility approach, with a goal of achieving zero waste landfills and zero waste incineration by 2040.
1) 加拿大溫哥華自1995年制定首個廢物管理計畫以來，通過垃圾分類和生產者責任延伸制度，有效降低垃圾產量，並計畫2040年實現垃圾零填埋和焚燒。
2) Kamikatsu, Japan: Making the “Zero Waste Declaration” in 2003 and since then, gradually developing a comprehensive resource recycling system, the village has achieved a recycling rate of over 80% of their waste.
2) 日本上勝町於2003年發佈《零廢宣言》，並逐漸建立起資源回收利用體系，垃圾回收利用率已超過80%。
China only started developing zero-waste cities in recent years. Considering its circumstances, China is expected to first transform from “more landfill, less incineration” to “less landfill, more incineration” and then evolve to “zero landfill, less incineration”, before achieving the goal of “zero landfill, zero incineration”.
中國的“無廢城市”建設近年剛剛起步。考慮到國情，預計中國需要先從“多填埋、少焚燒”轉變為“少填埋、多焚燒”，再過渡到“零填埋、少焚燒”，最後實現“零填埋、零焚燒”目標。
Singapore designated 2019 as the Year Towards Zero Waste and launched its inaugural “Zero Waste Masterplan” in the same year, with the objective of becoming a Zero Waste Nation with climate resilience, resource resilience and economic resilience. Singapore has achieved a nearly 100% recycling rate for construction and demolition waste, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and it targets to achieve a 70% overall recycling rate by 2030. I have great hopes that Singapore can make valuable contributions to the world in developing zero waste cities and provide its valuable related experience for other countries and cities to learn.
新加坡將2019年定為“邁向零廢棄年”，並于同年發佈其首個《零廢棄總藍圖》，旨在將新加坡打造成為“零廢棄國家”，實現氣候韌性、資源韌性、經濟韌性。目前新加坡的建築廢料、鐵和非鐵類金屬已達到近100%的再迴圈率；預計到2030年時整體社會的再迴圈率可達70％。祝願新加坡為全球無廢城市建設做出寶貴貢獻，提供可資借鑒的寶貴經驗。
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